Uses

Dopamine hydrochloride is indicated to improve haemodynamic status in patients in distributive shock or shock due to reduced cardiac output, including septic shock and cardiogenic shock where a temporary increase in cardiac output and blood pressure is required.

Do not use if

Contraindicated in patients with phaeochromocytoma due to the risk of severe hypertensive crisis. Should not be used in patients with uncorrected tachyarrhythmias or ventricular fibrillation.

Side effects

Adverse effects include tissue ischaemia and necrosis due to peripheral vasoconstriction, cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension after abrupt discontinuation, nausea, vomiting, headache, and severe hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis.

Warnings

Correct hypovolaemia before administering dopamine. Severe peripheral and visceral vasoconstriction can cause tissue necrosis; infuse into a large central vein. Monitor for extravasation and treat promptly. Avoid abrupt discontinuation; taper the dose gradually.

How it works

Dopamine is a naturally occurring catecholamine and sympathomimetic amine. At low doses it stimulates dopaminergic receptors causing renal and mesenteric vasodilation. At intermediate doses it acts on beta-1 adrenergic receptors to increase cardiac contractility and heart rate. At high doses it stimulates alpha-1 adrenergic receptors causing vasoconstriction and increased peripheral vascular resistance.

Storage

Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F). Protect from freezing and light. Discard unused portion of opened vials.