Uses

Leuprorelin (leuprolide), a GnRH agonist, is indicated for the palliative treatment of advanced prostate cancer, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, central precocious puberty, and as part of assisted reproduction protocols. The long-acting depot formulation provides sustained testosterone or estrogen suppression.

Do not use if

Contraindicated in pregnancy (teratogenic; may cause fetal harm), undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, and hypersensitivity to GnRH agonists. The initial testosterone flare means it must be used with caution or with anti-androgen cover in patients with spinal metastases at risk of cord compression.

Side effects

Hot flushes, sweating, decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, and gynecomastia in men are common. Women may experience menopausal symptoms, vaginal dryness, and bone mineral density loss. An initial testosterone flare may occur in prostate cancer patients before hormone levels decrease.

Warnings

Bone density loss can occur with long-term use; supplemental calcium and vitamin D and periodic bone density monitoring are recommended. In prostate cancer, initiate anti-androgen therapy before leuprorelin to prevent tumor flare. Monitor blood glucose in diabetic patients as androgen deprivation may worsen glycemic control.

How it works

Leuprorelin is a synthetic GnRH agonist that, upon continuous administration, causes down-regulation and desensitization of pituitary GnRH receptors. This leads to markedly reduced secretion of LH and FSH, resulting in medical castration with testosterone levels falling to castrate range in men and estrogen suppression in women.

Storage

Store the lyophilized powder and diluent at room temperature (15–25°C). Do not freeze. Refer to product-specific labeling for detailed instructions.