Uses

Ephedrine is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist indicated for the treatment of clinically significant hypotension occurring in the setting of anesthesia.

Do not use if

No absolute formal contraindications listed. Use with extreme caution in patients with hypertension, coronary artery disease, hyperthyroidism, and in those receiving monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

Side effects

Reported adverse effects include nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, hypertension, palpitations, anxiety, and restlessness. Cardiac arrhythmias and excessive blood pressure elevation can occur. Tachyphylaxis develops with repeated administration.

Warnings

Repeated administration may lead to tachyphylaxis and reduced efficacy. Pressor effects are enhanced when used with oxytocic drugs. Use with caution in patients with cardiac disease, hypertension, or hyperthyroidism. Avoid use in patients on MAO inhibitors.

How it works

Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic amine that directly activates alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors and indirectly promotes norepinephrine release from sympathetic nerve terminals. It increases blood pressure via enhanced cardiac output and peripheral vasoconstriction.

Storage

Store at room temperature. Protect from light. Use single-dose vials immediately after opening and discard any unused solution.