Uses

Indicated for the treatment of hypertension (to lower blood pressure, reducing the risk of stroke and myocardial infarction) and edema associated with congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, and corticosteroid or estrogen therapy. Also used for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

Do not use if

Contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to any component, anuria, and in patients taking aliskiren who have diabetes. Not for use as initial therapy of hypertension when combination with an ARB is not warranted.

Side effects

Common adverse effects include hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypomagnesemia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hypotension, and dizziness. Less common effects include photosensitivity, hypersensitivity reactions, and rare blood dyscrasias.

Warnings

Discontinue immediately if pregnancy is detected — drugs acting on the renin-angiotensin system can cause fetal injury and death. Monitor electrolytes and renal function regularly. Use with caution in patients with renal or hepatic impairment, or systemic lupus erythematosus (which may be exacerbated).

How it works

Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that inhibits sodium-chloride cotransporters in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney, reducing sodium and water reabsorption and increasing urinary excretion. This decreases plasma volume and lowers blood pressure. Secondary effects include reduction in peripheral vascular resistance with prolonged use.

Storage

Store at controlled room temperature. Protect from moisture and light.