Uses

Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant indicated for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children aged 6 years and older and in adults. It is also used for narcolepsy. Use in children under 6 years is not recommended.

Do not use if

Contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to methylphenidate, symptomatic cardiovascular disease, severe hypertension, motor tics or Tourette syndrome, glaucoma, and patients receiving or within 14 days of stopping MAO inhibitors.

Side effects

Common adverse effects include decreased appetite, weight loss, insomnia, headache, abdominal pain, nausea, and increased heart rate and blood pressure. Serious adverse events include hypersensitivity reactions, hypertensive crisis (with concomitant MAOIs), and potential for abuse and addiction.

Warnings

Methylphenidate has a high potential for abuse and addiction; prescribe and dispense cautiously. Assess patients for cardiovascular risk before prescribing. Monitor growth in children on long-term therapy. Avoid abrupt discontinuation. Do not use concurrently with MAO inhibitors. Screen for bipolar disorder, tics, and family history of Tourette syndrome before initiating.

How it works

Methylphenidate is a CNS stimulant that blocks the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine into presynaptic neurons, increasing their concentration in the synapse. The d-threo enantiomer is the more pharmacologically active form. The precise mechanism by which this improves ADHD symptoms is not fully established.

Storage

Store at room temperature (20–25°C). Keep in a secure location to prevent misuse or theft. Keep out of reach of children.