Uses

A combined oral contraceptive indicated for the prevention of pregnancy in females of reproductive potential. Contains levonorgestrel (progestin) and ethinyl estradiol (estrogen) to suppress ovulation and alter cervical mucus and endometrial receptivity.

Do not use if

Contraindicated in women over 35 who smoke, patients with history of deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, stroke, or ischemic heart disease, known thrombogenic mutations, undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding, liver disease, and during pregnancy.

Side effects

Common adverse reactions include nausea, headache, breast tenderness, mood changes, and breakthrough bleeding. Serious risks include venous thromboembolism, arterial thrombosis, stroke, and hepatic complications.

Warnings

Cigarette smoking significantly increases the risk of serious cardiovascular events, especially in women over 35. Discontinue at the first sign of thromboembolic disorder, stroke, or hypertension. Blood pressure should be monitored. Effectiveness may be reduced by certain drugs (e.g., rifampin, anticonvulsants).

How it works

Levonorgestrel is a second-generation progestogen that, combined with ethinyl estradiol, suppresses the hypothalamic-pituitary axis to inhibit ovulation. It also increases cervical mucus viscosity, impeding sperm transport, and alters the endometrium to prevent implantation.

Storage

Store below 25°C, protected from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.