Uses

Indicated for essential hypertension, used alone or as an adjunct to other antihypertensive agents. Also used in the management of hypertensive emergencies and heart failure (often in combination with isosorbide dinitrate).

Do not use if

Contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to hydralazine, coronary artery disease, and mitral valvular rheumatic heart disease.

Side effects

Common adverse effects include headache, palpitations, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia. Prolonged high-dose use may cause a lupus-like syndrome. Peripheral neuritis and fluid retention have also been reported.

Warnings

May cause a lupus-like syndrome with prolonged high-dose use; discontinue if this occurs unless benefits outweigh risks. Monitor for signs of peripheral neuritis. Use with caution in patients with renal or hepatic impairment.

How it works

Hydralazine lowers blood pressure primarily through direct relaxation of arteriolar smooth muscle, producing peripheral vasodilation. It interferes with intracellular calcium movements, reducing vascular resistance without affecting venous capacitance significantly. This leads to reflex tachycardia and increased cardiac output.

Storage

Store at 20–25°C (68–77°F). Protect from light and moisture.