Uses

Hydroxychloroquine sulphate is used in the treatment and prevention of malaria, as well as in the management of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and discoid lupus erythematosus.

Do not use if

Contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to hydroxychloroquine or related 4-aminoquinoline compounds, and in patients with pre-existing retinal or visual field changes. Long-term use is contraindicated in patients with psoriasis or porphyria.

Side effects

Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, and skin rash. The most serious adverse effect is retinopathy with prolonged use, which can lead to irreversible visual damage.

Warnings

Baseline and periodic ophthalmologic examinations are essential due to the risk of retinopathy, especially with long-term high-dose therapy. Use with caution in patients with hepatic disease, G6PD deficiency, or QTc interval prolongation.

How it works

Hydroxychloroquine is an aminoquinoline antimalarial that accumulates in acidic lysosomes, interfering with parasite hemoglobin digestion. Its immunomodulatory effects in autoimmune disease are mediated through inhibition of toll-like receptor signaling and reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine production.

Storage

Store at room temperature (15–30°C), protected from light and moisture.