Uses

Metoprolol tartrate is indicated for the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, and to reduce cardiovascular mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. It is also used for heart failure and certain arrhythmias.

Do not use if

Contraindicated in severe bradycardia, second- or third-degree heart block, cardiogenic shock, decompensated heart failure, sick sinus syndrome (without permanent pacemaker), and hypersensitivity to any component. Use with caution in bronchospastic disease.

Side effects

Common side effects include fatigue, dizziness, depression, bradycardia, hypotension, and gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea and diarrhea. Shortness of breath and cold extremities may also occur.

Warnings

Abrupt discontinuation should be avoided as it may exacerbate angina or precipitate myocardial infarction. Use with extreme caution in patients with bronchospastic disease. Initiate therapy with an alpha-blocker in patients with pheochromocytoma. Avoid initiating in patients undergoing major surgery.

How it works

Metoprolol is a cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic receptor blocker that preferentially inhibits beta-1 receptors in the heart, reducing heart rate, myocardial contractility, and cardiac output. At higher doses, some beta-2 blockade in bronchial and vascular smooth muscle may occur.

Storage

Store at room temperature (20–25°C), protected from moisture. Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container.