Uses

Used as a dietary supplement to support bone health, prevent and treat calcium and vitamin D deficiency, and as an adjunct in the management of osteoporosis. Vitamin K supports carboxylation of bone matrix proteins including osteocalcin.

Do not use if

Contraindicated in hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, nephrolithiasis, and severe renal impairment. Vitamin K (K1) should be used with caution in patients on warfarin therapy due to antagonism of anticoagulant effect.

Side effects

Generally well tolerated. High-dose calcium may cause constipation, bloating, and hypercalcemia. Excessive vitamin D can lead to hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria. Vitamin K may interfere with anticoagulant therapy with warfarin.

Warnings

Patients on warfarin should exercise caution with vitamin K supplementation as it may reduce anticoagulant effectiveness. Avoid excessive intake exceeding recommended daily allowances. Adequate hydration is recommended to reduce risk of renal calculi with high calcium intake.

How it works

Calcium is essential for bone mineralization, neuromuscular function, and enzymatic processes. Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is hydroxylated to its active form calcitriol, which enhances intestinal calcium absorption and renal calcium reabsorption. Vitamin K (phylloquinone or menaquinone) is a cofactor for gamma-carboxylation of osteocalcin and matrix Gla protein, promoting calcium incorporation into bone.

Storage

Store at room temperature, below 25°C. Keep in a dry place away from light. Keep out of reach of children.