Uses

Saxagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is not recommended for type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis.

Do not use if

Contraindicated in patients with a history of serious hypersensitivity to saxagliptin. The combination with metformin is contraindicated in severe renal impairment (eGFR below 30 mL/min/1.73 m²) and metabolic acidosis.

Side effects

Common side effects include upper respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and headache. Rare but serious effects include pancreatitis, heart failure, severe joint pain (arthralgia), and hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis and angioedema.

Warnings

Monitor for signs of pancreatitis; discontinue if suspected. Evaluate for heart failure before initiating therapy. Monitor for signs of urinary tract or genital mycotic infections. Use with caution in patients with hepatic impairment.

How it works

Saxagliptin selectively inhibits the DPP-4 enzyme, preventing the degradation of incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP. This leads to increased concentrations of active incretins, which stimulate glucose-dependent insulin release, suppress glucagon secretion, and improve glycemic control without causing hypoglycemia when used as monotherapy.

Storage

Store at controlled room temperature 20–25°C; excursions permitted between 15–30°C.