Uses

Indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. May be used as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic agents.

Do not use if

Contraindicated in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus or diabetic ketoacidosis. Contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity reactions to linagliptin, including anaphylaxis, angioedema, or exfoliative skin conditions.

Side effects

Common adverse effects include nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infections, and hypoglycemia when combined with sulfonylureas or insulin. Pancreatitis has been reported rarely. Arthralgia may occur as part of a DPP-4 inhibitor class effect.

Warnings

Risk of pancreatitis: discontinue if pancreatitis is suspected. Severe and disabling arthralgia has been reported with DPP-4 inhibitors; consider discontinuation if this occurs. Use with caution in combination with insulin or insulin secretagogues, as hypoglycemia risk increases.

How it works

Linagliptin is a selective and reversible inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). By blocking DPP-4, it prevents the rapid inactivation of incretin hormones (GLP-1 and GIP), prolonging their action. This leads to glucose-dependent insulin secretion and suppression of glucagon release, lowering blood glucose.

Storage

Store at 20–25°C (68–77°F); excursions permitted to 15–30°C (59–86°F). Protect from high humidity.