Uses

Indicated for the treatment and prophylaxis of malaria caused by susceptible strains of Plasmodium species, and for the treatment of extraintestinal amebiasis. Not effective against exoerythrocytic forms of P. vivax or P. ovale, and not indicated for complicated malaria.

Do not use if

Contraindicated in patients with retinal or visual field changes of any etiology when used for non-malarial indications. Contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to 4-aminoquinoline compounds.

Side effects

Ocular toxicity including maculopathy and irreversible retinal damage with prolonged use is the most serious adverse effect. Other effects include nausea, vomiting, headache, pruritus, and cardiomyopathy. Neuropsychiatric reactions such as psychosis and seizures have been reported.

Warnings

Chloroquine resistance is widespread in P. falciparum and reported in P. vivax; confirm susceptibility before use. Long-term use requires periodic ophthalmological monitoring for retinal toxicity. Use with caution in patients with liver disease, neurological disorders, or G6PD deficiency.

How it works

Chloroquine accumulates in the lysosomes of intraerythrocytic parasites, raising intravacuolar pH and interfering with hemoglobin degradation. This leads to accumulation of toxic heme that is lethal to the parasite. It is rapidly absorbed and widely distributed in tissues.

Storage

Store at controlled room temperature, 20–25°C (68–77°F). Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.