Uses

Indicated for prophylaxis and treatment of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, thromboembolic complications of atrial fibrillation, disseminated intravascular coagulation, peripheral arterial embolism, and as an anticoagulant in blood transfusions, extracorporeal circulation, dialysis, and arterial or cardiac surgery.

Do not use if

Contraindicated in patients with a history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), known hypersensitivity to heparin or pork products, and in patients in whom appropriate coagulation monitoring tests cannot be performed.

Side effects

Major risks include hemorrhage (potentially fatal), heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) with or without thrombosis, and hypersensitivity reactions. Other adverse effects include elevated liver enzymes, osteoporosis with prolonged use, and local injection site reactions.

Warnings

Fatal medication errors have occurred due to concentration mix-ups; always confirm the correct strength before administration. Use with extreme caution in patients at increased risk of bleeding. Monitor platelet counts regularly to detect HIT early.

How it works

Heparin is an anticoagulant that inhibits multiple steps in the coagulation cascade. It acts by binding antithrombin III, thereby inactivating thrombin, activated Factor Xa, and other clotting factors, preventing fibrin clot formation. It does not dissolve existing clots.

Storage

Store at controlled room temperature; refer to the specific product labeling for exact storage conditions. Discard any unused portions and do not use if the solution is discolored or contains particulate matter.