Uses

Indicated for the treatment of hypertension. The blood pressure-lowering effects of captopril, an ACE inhibitor, and hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, are approximately additive, making this combination suitable for patients not adequately controlled by either agent alone.

Do not use if

Contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to captopril or any ACE inhibitor, history of ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema, anuria, and severe renal impairment. Absolutely contraindicated in pregnancy (second and third trimesters).

Side effects

Common adverse effects include dry cough (captopril), electrolyte disturbances (hypokalemia, hyponatremia), dizziness, and orthostatic hypotension. Proteinuria and renal insufficiency may occur. Angioedema is a rare but serious risk with ACE inhibitors.

Warnings

ACE inhibitors can cause fetal injury or death when used during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy; discontinue as soon as pregnancy is detected. Monitor renal function, serum electrolytes, and blood pressure regularly. Risk of hypotension is increased in volume-depleted patients.

How it works

Captopril inhibits the angiotensin-converting enzyme, reducing angiotensin II formation and aldosterone secretion, resulting in vasodilation and decreased blood pressure. Hydrochlorothiazide promotes renal excretion of sodium and water, reducing plasma volume. Their mechanisms are complementary and produce an additive antihypertensive effect.

Storage

Store at room temperature (20–25°C). Protect from moisture and excessive heat.